Buy Plaquenil Online | Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate - Best Prices
Plaquenil (Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate) - Comprehensive Information
Plaquenil, with the active ingredient hydroxychloroquine sulfate, is a prescription medication primarily used to treat autoimmune diseases and certain types of malaria. It is available in tablet form, typically containing 200 mg of hydroxychloroquine sulfate.
Indications
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Used in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, when simpler treatments have not been effective.
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Effective in reducing the frequency of relapses in patients with chronic and discoid lupus erythematosus.
- Pellagra: Sometimes used to manage symptoms associated with pellagra.
- Malaria: Used for the prevention and treatment of certain types of malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae. It is also used for treatment of uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum.
Mechanism of Action
Hydroxychloroquine is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). Its exact mechanism in autoimmune diseases is not fully understood, but it is believed to interfere with the parasite's ability to digest hemoglobin in malaria and to modulate immune responses by decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting the activation of certain immune cells in autoimmune conditions. It may also accumulate in lysosomes, raising the internal pH and inhibiting certain cellular functions.
Safety Profile
Benefits:
- Effective in managing chronic inflammatory conditions.
- Can prevent malaria relapses.
- Relatively well-tolerated by many patients.
Potential Side Effects:
- Ocular Toxicity: The most serious side effect is retinal damage (retinopathy), which can be irreversible. Regular eye examinations are crucial.
- Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps.
- Dermatological: Rash, itching, skin discoloration, hair loss.
- Neurological: Headache, dizziness, mood changes.
- Cardiovascular: Cardiomyopathy, QT interval prolongation.
- Hematological: Anemia, leukopenia.
Contraindications:
- Hypersensitivity to hydroxychloroquine or other 4-aminoquinoline compounds.
- Pre-existing maculopathy or visual field defects.
Warnings:
- Regular ophthalmologic examinations (visual field testing and funduscopic examination) are mandatory at baseline and annually thereafter, especially with prolonged use or higher doses.
- Caution is advised in patients with cardiac conditions, liver disease, or G6PD deficiency.
- Monitor for signs of psychosis, suicidal behavior, or other serious psychiatric events.
Dosage Table
| Disease | Recommended Dosage | Treatment Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | Starting dose: 200 mg to 400 mg daily, taken in one or two doses. Maximum daily dose: 400 mg. | Continuous, subject to clinical response and tolerance. |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Starting dose: 200 mg t o400 mg daily, taken in one or two doses. Maximum daily dose: 400 mg. | Continuous, subject to clinical response and tolerance. |
| Malaria Prevention | 200 mg once weekly per person, starting 1-2 weeks before exposure and continuing for 4 weeks after leaving the malarious area. | As prescribed for prophylaxis. |
| Malaria Treatment (Uncomplicated) | Initial dose: 600 mg. Second dose: 400 mg 6-8 hours later. Third dose: 400 mg daily for 2 days. Total: 1.6 g over 3 days. | 3 days. |
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: How long does it take for Plaquenil to start working?
A: For rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, it may take several weeks to months to notice the full therapeutic effects. Initial improvements might be seen sooner, but consistent daily use is key for long-term management.
Q2: Can I take Plaquenil with other medications?
A: Plaquenil can interact with other drugs. It is crucial to inform your doctor about all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, you are taking to avoid potential interactions, such as with digoxin or certain anti-arrhythmics.
Q3: What should I do if I miss a dose of Plaquenil?
A: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. Consult your doctor or pharmacist if you are unsure.
Q4: Are there any specific lifestyle changes recommended while taking Plaquenil?
A: While taking Plaquenil, it is advised to protect your eyes from excessive sunlight exposure, as UV light can exacerbate potential ocular side effects. Regular eye check-ups are paramount. Discuss any new symptoms or concerns with your healthcare provider promptly.