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Lozol (Hydrochlorothiazide) Comprehensive Information
Lozol, the brand name for hydrochlorothiazide, is a widely prescribed thiazide diuretic medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and fluid retention (edema) associated with conditions like heart failure, kidney disease, and cirrhosis of the liver. It is available in tablet form, typically containing 25 mg or 50 mg of hydrochlorothiazide as the active ingredient.
Composition and Forms
- Active Ingredient: Hydrochlorothiazide
- Available Forms: Oral tablets
- Common Strengths: 25 mg, 50 mg
Indications
Lozol is indicated for the management of:
- Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
- Edema associated with congestive heart failure
- Edema associated with renal disease (kidney disease)
- Edema associated with hepatic disease (cirrhosis of the liver)
- Management of edema in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria
Mechanism of Action
Hydrochlorothiazide works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. This action leads to increased excretion of water, sodium, chloride, potassium, and other electrolytes. By reducing fluid volume in the body, it lowers blood pressure and alleviates swelling.
Safety Profile
Potential Benefits:
- Effective in lowering blood pressure.
- Reduces fluid accumulation, relieving symptoms of edema.
- Can be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive medications.
Common Side Effects:
While generally well-tolerated, side effects can occur and may include:
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Increased urination
- Nausea or vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Headache
- Muscle cramps
- Fatigue
Serious Side Effects (Rare):
- Severe electrolyte imbalance (low potassium, low sodium)
- Kidney problems
- Pancreatitis
- Liver dysfunction
- Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
Contraindications:
- Known hypersensitivity to hydrochlorothiazide or other sulfonamide derivatives.
- Anuria (inability to produce urine).
- Addison's disease.
- Hypercalcemia (high calcium levels).
Warnings:
Caution is advised in patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment, diabetes, gout, or a history of systemic lupus erythematosus. Regular monitoring of electrolytes, kidney function, and blood glucose levels is recommended during treatment. Patients should be advised to stay hydrated and report any persistent or bothersome side effects to their healthcare provider.
Dosage Table
| Condition | Recommended Dosage | Treatment Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Hypertension | 25 mg once daily initially, may be increased to 50 mg once or twice daily. Maximum 100 mg per day. | Long-term, as prescribed. |
| Edema (Heart Failure, Renal Disease, Hepatic Disease) | 25 mg to 75 mg once daily. Doses may be adjusted based on response. | As needed, under medical supervision. |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the most common side effect of Lozol?
The most common side effects are related to its diuretic action, such as increased urination, dizziness, and lightheadedness, especially when standing up. It's important to stay hydrated and report any persistent symptoms to your doctor.
Can Lozol be taken with food?
Yes, Lozol can be taken with or without food. However, taking it with food may help reduce potential gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea.
How long does it take for Lozol to start working?
The effects of Lozol typically begin within 2 hours of taking a dose, with the peaak effect occurring around 4 hours. The diuretic effect usually lasts for 6 to 14 hours.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Lozol?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
