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Uniphyl CR (Theophylline Extended-Release)
Uniphyl CR is a medication containing theophylline as its active ingredient, formulated in extended-release tablets. Theophylline is a bronchodilator belonging to the methylxanthine class of drugs. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways of the lungs, making it easier to breathe. Uniphyl CR is primarily prescribed for the symptomatic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, as well as for the management of asthma. It helps to alleviate symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.
Composition and Indications
- Active Ingredient: Theophylline
- Form: Extended-release tablets
- Indications:
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Emphysema
- Asthma
Mechanism of Action
Theophylline exerts its therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms. It acts as a non-selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes, leading to increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. This increase in cAMP promotes smooth muscle relaxation in the bronchial tree, resulting in bronchodilation. Additionally, theophylline may have anti-inflammatory properties and can improve diaphragmatic contractility and mucociliary clearance, further aiding respiratory function.
Safety Profile
Potential Benefits: Effective bronchodilation, relief of respiratory symptoms, improved breathing capacity.
Common Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, headache, insomnia, irritability, restlessness, increaseD heart rate, stomach upset.
Serious Side Effects: Seizures, irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), severe vomiting, dizziness, fainting. These are more likely with higher doses or in individuals sensitive to theophylline.
Contraindications: Uniphyl CR is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to theophylline or other methylxanthines (like caffeine or theobromine). It should be used with caution in individuals with certain medical conditions, including severe heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, seizure disorders, and active peptic ulcer disease.
Warnings: Therapeutic drug monitoring of serum theophylline levels is crucial to ensure efficacy and minimize toxicity. Smoking can increase the metabolism of theophylline, requiring dose adjustments. Concurrent use of certain medications can also affect theophylline levels and should be carefully managed.
Dosage Table
| Condition | Recommended Dosage | Treatment Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Asthma (Adults) | 100-300 mg every 12-24 hours, adjusted based on serum levels | Continuous management |
| COPD (Adults) | 100-200 mg every 12-24 hours, adjusted based on serum levels | Continuous management |
| Chronic Bronchitis (Adults) | 150-250 mg every 12-24 hours, adjusted based on serum levels | Continuous management |
| Emphysema (Adults) | 100-200 mg every 12-24 hours, adjusted based on serum levels | Continuous management |
Note: Dosages are approximate and must be individualized by a healthcare professional based on patient response, weight, age, and serum theophylline levels. Adjustments are necessary for elderly patients, those with liver or heart failure, and those who smoke or take interacting medications.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is the main active ingredient in Uniphyl CR?
The main active ingredient in Uniphyl CR is theophylline, a bronchodilator that helps to relax the muscles around the airways in your lungs.
- How long does it take for Uniphyl CR to start working?
While individual responses vary, the extended-release formulation is designed to provide a steady level of medication over time. Symptomatic relief may become noticeable within a few days of consistent use as prescribed by your doctor.
- Can I take Uniphyl CR with other medications?
It is essential to inform your doctor about all other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements. Theophylline can interact with many drugs, such as certain antibiotics, antivirals, and heart medications, which may alter its effectiveness or increase the risk of side effects. Your doctor will determine if Uniphyl CR is safe to take with your current medications.
- What should I do if I miss a dose of Uniphyl CR?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. If you are unsure about what to do, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
