Buy Glucophage Online | Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets
Glucophage (Metformin Hydrochloride)
Glucophage is a prescription medication belonging to the biguanide class of drugs, primarily used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its active ingredient is Metformin Hydrochloride, available in immediate-release and extended-release tablet formulations.
Composition and Forms
- Active Ingredient: Metformin Hydrochloride
- Forms: Immediate-release tablets (e.g., 500 mg, 850 mg, 1000 mg) and extended-release tablets (e.g., 500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg).
Indications
Glucophage is indicated for:
- Improving glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise.
- It may be used as initial therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes or in combination with other antidiabetic agents, including insulin, when glycemic control is inadequate.
- Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in some cases, to improve insulin sensitivity and hormonal balance.
Mechanism of Action
Metformin works by:
- Decreasing hepatic glucose production (reducing the amount of sugar produced by the liver).
- Decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose.
- Improving peripheral glucose uptake and utilization by increasing insulin sensitivity.
- It does not stimulate insulin secretion and therefore does not cause hypoglycemia when used alone.
Safety Profile
Benefits:
- Effective in lowering blood glucose levels.
- May contribute to modest weight loss or prevent weight gain, which is beneficial for many type 2 diabetes patients.
- Cardiovascular benefits have been suggested in some studies.
Side Effects:
Common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. These are often dose-related and may decrease over time. A rare but serious side effect is lactic acidosis, particularly in patients with kidney impairment or other conditions that predispose to it.
Contraindications:
- Severe renal impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²).
- Acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoaciosis with or without coma.
- Hypersensitivity to metformin hydrochloride.
- Conditions that may impair kidney ufnction, such as dehydration, severe infection, shock, and the intravenous administration of iodinated contrast agents.
Warnings:
- Lactic Acidosis: Risk increases with renal impairment, hepatic impairment, congestive heart failure, and in patients with conditions that predispose to tissue hypoxia.
- Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Long-term use may lead to decreased absorption of vitamin B12, potentially causing deficiency.
- Alcohol Intake: Concomitant use of excessive alcohol should be avoided due to increased risk of lactic acidosis.
- Surgery and Imaging Procedures: Temporarily discontinue metformin before surgery or diagnostic procedures involving intravascular administration of iodinated contrast materials.
Dosage Table
| Condition | Recommended Dosage (Immediate-Release) | Recommended Dosage (Extended-Release) | Treatment Duration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Initial Therapy) | 500 mg twice daily with meals, or 850 mg once daily with a meal. Increase dose gradually. Max: 2550 mg/day. | 500 mg once daily with the evening meal. Increase dose gradually. Max: 2000 mg/day. | Continuous, as needed for glycemic control. |
| Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Maintenance) | See initial therapy, adjusted based on glycemic response. | See initial therapy, adjusted based on glycemic response. | Continuous, as needed for glycemic control. |
| Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) | 500 mg twice daily with meals. Increase dose gradually if needed. Max: 1500 mg/day. | Initially 500 mg once daily with the evening meal. May increase to 1000 mg once daily. | Typically long-term, guided by physician. |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Glucophage used for?
Glucophage, containing metformin hydrochloride, is primarily prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes by controlling blood sugar levels. It helps lower glucose production by the liver, reduces glucose absorption from the intestines, and improves your body's sensitivity to insulin.
What are the most common side effects of Glucophage?
The most frequent side effects are gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, and loss of appetite. These symptoms are usually mild and tend to lessen as your body adjusts to the medication. Taking Glucophage with meals can help minimize these effects.
Can Glucophage be taken with other medications?
Glucophage can often be taken with other diabetes medications, including insulin, to achieve better blood sugar control. However, it's crucial to inform your doctor about all other medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking to avoid potential interactions. Some medications can affect kidney function or increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
How long does it take for Glucophage to work?
The effects of Glucophage on blood sugar levels are typically noticeable within a few days to a couple of weekks of starting treatment. However, it may take several weeks to reach the full therapeutic effect. Consistent adherence to the prescribed dosage and lifestyle recommendations is key to achieving optimal results.
