Nevirapine: Comprehensive Information

Nevirapine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. It is often part of a combination antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Composition and Forms

Active Ingredient: Nevirapine Forms of Release:

• Tablets: Typically 200 mg.
• Oral Suspension: Usually 10 mg/mL for pediatric use or patients who have difficulty swallowing tablets.

Indications

Nevirapine is indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and children. It is typically used in combination with other antiretroviral agents as part of a complete treatment regimen. It is also used for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 when administered to pregnant women during labor and delivery, and to the newborn infant.

Mechanism of Action

Nevirapine works by directly inhibiting the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, an enzyme essential for viral replication. By binding to a specific site on the enzyme, Nevirapine causes a conformational change that reduces its ability to convert viral RNA into DNA, thereby blocking the viral replication cycle.

Safety Profile

Potential Benefits:

• Effective in reducing viral load in HIV-infected individuals.
• Component of highly effective combination therapy regimens.
• Can help prevent HIV transmission.

• Common: Rash (can be severe and life-threatening), nausea, diarrhea, headache, fatigue, abnormal liver function tests.
• Serious: Severe rash (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis), severe hypersensitivity reactions, hepatitis, liver failure.

• Hypersensitivity to Nevirapine or any of its components.
• Moderate to severe hepatic impairment.
• Patients with a history of Grade 3 or 4 hepatotoxicity due to Nevirapine.

• Risk of severe rash and life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions, particularly during the initial weeks of therapy. Patients should be monitored closely.
• Potential for liver damage, especially in patients with pre-existing liver disease or those co-infected with Hepatitis B or C.
• Nevirapine is not recommended for initiating therapy in patients with high viral loads (e.g., >100,000 copies/mL) or low CD4 counts (<250 cells/mm³ for women or <200 cells/mm³ for men) due to increased risk oof virologic failure and resistance.

Dosage Information

Note: Dosage adjustments may be necessary based on individual patient factors, drug interactions, and tolerability. Always consult a healthcare professional for personalized dosage recommendations.

Frequently Asked Questions

• Q: How is Nevirapine taken?
  A: Nevirapine is typically taken orally, either as a tablet or a liquid suspension. For initial HIV treatment, it is usually taken once daily for the first two weeks (lead-in phase) to help reduce the risk of rash, followed by twice-daily dosing. For preventing mother-to-child transmission, a single dose is given.
• Q: What are the most common side effects of Nevirapine?
  A: The most frequent side effect is rash, which can range from mild to severe. Other common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headache, and fatigue. It's important to report any rash to your doctor immediately.
• Q: Can Nevirapine be used during pregnancy?
  A: Nevirapine can be used during pregnancy, particularly for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. However, its use for routine HIV treatment during pregnancy requires careful consideration of risks and benefits, and it is generally avoided as initial therapy in women with high viral loads.
• Q: What should I do if I miss a dose of Nevirapine?
  A: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose. Consult your healthcare provider if you are unsure.

Information sourced from FDA Prescribing Information and other reputable medical resources. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice.