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Losartan Potassium: Comprehensive Drug Information
Losartan potassium is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and protect the kidneys in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is also prescribed to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy.
Composition and Forms
The active ingredient is Losartan Potassium. It is available in tablet form, typically in strengths of 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg. Common inactive ingredients include microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, pregelatinized starch, and magnesium stearate.
Indications
- Essential hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy to reduce the risk of stroke
- Diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of hypertension
- Congestive heart faIlure (as an add-on therapy when ACE inhibitors cannot be used or as adjunctive therapy)
Mechanism of Action
Losartan potassium works by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor in various tissues, such as vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal gland. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that also stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. By inhibiting the effects of angiotensin II, Losartan potassium causes vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), reduces aldosterone secretion, and consequently lowers blood pressure. This action helps to reduce the workload on the heart and improve blood flow.
Safety Profile
Potential Benefits:
- Effective in lowering blood pressure.
- Protects kidney function in diabetic patients.
- Reduces the risk of stroke.
Common Side Effects:
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Hyperklaemia (elevated potassium levels)
- Upper respiratory tract infection symptoms
Contraindications:
- Hypersensitivity to Losartan Potassium or any of its components.
- Pregnancy (especially in the second and third trimesters) due to potential fetal harm.
- Concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes or renal impairment.
Warnings:
- Monitor kidney function and serum potassium levels, especially in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.
- Use with caution in patients with volume or salt depletion.
- Discontinue use if pregnancy is detected.
Dosage Table
| Condition | Recommended Dosage | Treatment Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Essential Hypertension | 50 mg once daily | Continuous |
| Hypertension with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy | 50 mg once daily | Continuous |
| Diabetic Nephropathy (Type 2 Diabetes) | 50 mg once daily | Continuous |
| Congestive Heart Failure | Initially 50 mg once daily, may titrate up to 100 mg once daily based on response | Continuous |
Frequently Asked Questions
1. How long does it take for Losartan Potassium to work?
The blood pressure-lowering effects of Losartan Potassium are typically noticeable within a few weeks of starting treatment. However, it may take several weeks to achieve the maximum benefit. Consistent daily dosing is crucial for optimal results.
2. Can I drink alcohol while taking Losartan Potassium?
It is generally advised to limit alcohol consumption while taking Losartan Potassium. Alcohol can exacerbate the blood pressure-lowering effects, potentially leading to dizziness or fainting. Always consult your doctor for personalized advice regarding alcohol intake.
3. What should I do if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
4. Can Losartan Potassium be taken with food?
Yes, Losartan Potassium can be taken with or without food. Taking it consistently at the same time each day is more important than whether it's taken with a meal.
