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Dolutegravir: Comprehensive Information
Dolutegravir is an antiretroviral medication used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It belongs to a class of drugs known as integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs).
- Composition: The active pharmaceutical ingredient is dolutegravir. It is typically available in tablet form for oral administration. Common strengths include 50 mg.
Indications
Dolutegravir is prescribed for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and children. It is used as part of a combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen. Specific indications include:
- Treatment-naive adult and pediatric patients.
- Treatment-experienced adult and pediatric patients.
- Patients with HIV-1 who have evidence of viral replication and antiretroviral treatment-resistance to at least one other class of antiretroviral agents.
Mechanism of Action
Dolutegravir works by inhibiting the integrase enzyme, which is crucial for HIV replication. HIV integrase is responsible for integrating the viral DNA into the host cell's DNA. By blocking this process, dolutegravir prevents the virus from multiplying and spreading within the body, thereby reducing the viral load.
Safety Profile
Potential Benefits: Dolutegravir is known for its high efficacy in suppressing viral load, rapid onset of action, and generally favorable tolerability profile compared to some older antiretroviral drugs. It is often a preferred component in first-line HIV treatment regimens.
Side Effects: Common side effects may include insomnia, headache, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. Less common but serious side effects can include hypersensitivity reactions (rash, fever, blistering, swelling), liver problems, and psychiatric symptoms like depression or suicidal thoughts. It is essential to report any new or worsening symptoms to a healthcare provider immediately.
Contraindications: Dolutegravir is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to dolutegravir or any of its excipients. Caution is advised in patients with pre-existing liver disease or renal impairment.
Warnings: Patients should be monitored for signs of hypersensitivity, liver toxicity, and neurological/psychiatric side effects. Co-administration with certain medications may require dose adjustments or avoidance due to potential drug interactions.
Dosage Table
| Disease/Condition | Recommended Dosage | Treatment Duration |
|---|---|---|
| HIV-1 Infection (Adults) | 50 mg once daily | Lifelong, as part of combination therapy |
| HIV-1 Infection (Pediatric, 4 weeks and 50 kg) | 35 mg once daily | Lifelong, as part of combination therapy |
| HIV-1 Infection (Pediatric, 12 weeks and 25 kg) | 25 mg once daily | Lifelong, as part of combination therapy |
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is Dolutegravir used for?
Dolutegravir is primarily used to treat HIV-1 infection in adults and children when combined with other antiretrovirla medications.
- How effective is Dolutegravir?
Dolutegravir is highly effective at reducing the amount of HIV in the blood (viral load) and is a key component in many first-line HIV treatment regimens.
- Can Dolutegravir be taken with food?
Yes, Dolutegravir can be taken with or without food. Its absorption is bot significantly affected by meals.
- What are the most common side effects of Dolutegravir?
The most frequently reported side effects include insomnia, headache, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. However, severe side effects are possible and require immediate medical attention.
