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Candesartan: Comprehensive Information
Candesartan is a medication primarily used to treat high blood pressuRe (hypertension) and heart failure. It belongs to a class of drugs known as angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).
Composition and Forms
The active ingredient is Candesartan cilexetil. It is typically available in tablet form, with common strengths including 4 mg, 8 mg, 16 mg, and 32 mg.
Indications
Candesartan is prescribed for the following conditions:
- Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): To lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack.
- Heart Failure: To improve symptoms and reduce hospitalizations in patients with symptomatic heart failure, particularly when used with other heart failure medications.
- Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Following myocardial infarction (heart attack) in patients who are clinically stable with symptoms of heart failure.
Mechanism of Action
Candesartan works by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a substance in the body that narrows blood vessels and raises blood pressure. By inhibiting angiotensin II from binding to its receptors (AT1 receptors), Candesartan causes blood vessels to relax and widen, leading to a decrease in blood pressure. This also reduces the workload on the heart.
Safety Profile
Benefits: Effectively lowers blood pressure, reduces the risk of cardiovascular events, and can improve heart function in heart failure patients.
Potential Side Effects: Common side effects include dizziness, fatigue, headache, and upper respiratory tract infections. Less common but serious side effects can include kidney problems, high potassium levels, and allergic reactions.
Contraindications: Candesartan should not be used during pregnancy due to the risk of harm to the fetus. It is also contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or its components.
Warnings: Use with caution in patients with kidney disease, liver disease, or severe dehydration. Monitor potassium levels, especially in patients taking potassium-sparing diuretics or potassium supplements.
Dosage Table
| Condition | Initial Dosage | Maintenance Dosage | Treatment Duration |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertension | 8 mg once daily | 8-32 mg once daily | Long-term |
| Heart Failure | 4 mg once daily | 32 mg once daily | Long-term |
| Post-Myocardial Infarction | 4 mg twice daily | 32 mg twice daily | Starting 2 days post-MI, long-term |
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: Can Candesartan be taken with food?
Yes, Candesartan can be taken with or without food. It is generally recommended to take it at the same time each day to maintain consistent blood levels.
Q2: How long does it take for Candesartan to work?
The blood pressure-lowering effects of Candesartan usually become noticeable within a few days of starting treatment, with significant effects typically seen within 2 to 4 weeks. For heart failure, improvement in symptoms might take longer.
Q3: What should I od if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Q4: Can Candesartan be combined with other medications?
Candesartan is often prescribed in combination with other medications, such as diuretics or beta-blockers, to manage hypertension or heart failure. Always inform your doctor about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
