Glucophage SR (Metformin Hydrochloride Extended-Release)

Glucophage SR is a prescription medication containing Metformin Hydrochloride as its active ingredient, formulated in extended-release tablets. It is primarily used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. Metformin works by decreasing glucose production by the liver, decreasing absorption of glucose from the intestines, and increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. This results in lower blood sugar levels.

Indications

• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in adults, as an adjunct to diet and exercise.
• It may be used alone or in combination with other antidiabetic medications, such as sulfonylureas or insulin.

Mechanism of Action

Metformin hydrochloride is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent. It primarily acts by:

• Inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose by the liver).
• Reducing intestinal absorption of glucose.
• Increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization by improving insulin sensitivity.

Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin does not typically cause hypoglycmia (low blood sugar) when Used as monotherapy because it does not stimulate insulin secretion.

Safety Profile

Benefits: Effective in lowering blood glucose levels, potential cardiovascular benefits, and may aid in modest weight loss or prevention of weight gain.

Potential Side Effects: The most common side effects are gastrointestinal, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. These are often dose-related and may decrease over time or with dose adjustment. Lactic acidosis is a rare but serious side effect. Vitamin B12 deficiency can occur with long-term use.

Contraindications: Glucophage SR is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²), acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis, and hypersensitivity to metformin hydrochloride.

Warnings: Patients with renal impairment, hepatic impairment, heart failure, or those undergoing surgery or radiographic procedures with contrast agents should be carefully monitored. Discontinuation of metformin is recommended temporarily prior to contrast imaging procedures and at the time of or just prior to any intravascular administration of iodinated contrast agents. Patients should be advised to consume alcohol cautiously while taking metformin.

Dosage Table

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1: How should I take Glucophage SR?
A1: Glucophage SR tablets should be taken once daily with the evening meal. Swallow the tablet whole; do not crush, cut, or chew it. Taking it with food helps minimize gastrointestinal side effects.

Q2: Can Glucophage SR be taken with other diabetes medications?
A2: Yes, Glucophage SR can be used aolne or in combination with other antidiabetic medications like sulfonylureas or insulin. Your doctor will determine the appropriate combination and dosage based on your individual needs and blood glucose levels.

Q3: What are the most common side effects of Glucophage SR?
A3: The most frequent side effects are digestive issues such as diarrhea, nausea, and stomach upset. These usually occur when starting the medication or increasing the dose and often improve over time.

Q4: Is Glucophage SR safe for everyone with type 2 diabetes?
A4: Glucophage SR is not suitable for everyone. It is contraindicated in individuals with severe kidney problems, metabolic acidosis, or hypersensitivity to metformin. Always discuss your medical history with your doctor before starting this medication.