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Azilsartan: Comprehensive Information
Azilsartan, primarily marketed under brand names like Edarbi, is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It is available in tablet form, with common strengths including 40 mg and 80 mg.
Composition and Forms
The active ingredient is Azilsartan medoxomil potassium. It is typically formulated as film-coateed tablets for oral administration.
Indications
Azilsartan is primarily prescribed for the treatment of:
- Essential hypertension in adults.
- It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents.
Mechanism of Action
Azilsartan works by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II o the AT1 receptor in various tissues, such as vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal gland. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and a primary stimulant of aldosterone secretion. By inhibiting the effects of angiotensin II, Azilsartan leads to:
- Vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), which reduces peripheral vascular resistance.
- Reduced aldosterone secretion, which decreases sodium and water retention.
These combined effects result in a significant reduction in blood pressure.
Safety Profile
Potential Benefits: Azilsartan effectively lowers blood pressure, reducing the risk of stroke, heart attack, and kidney problems associated with uncontrolled hypertension.
Common Side Effects: May include dizziness, fatigue, diarrhea, and cough. These are generally mild and transient.
Less Common/Serious Side Effects: Can include hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), kidney problems, and angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat). Patients experiencing symptoms of angioedema should seek immediate medical attention.
Contraindications:
- Known hypersensitivity to Azilsartan or any of its components.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: ARBs can cause fetal injury and death, so they must be discontinued as soon as pregnancy is detected.
- Concomitant use with aliskiren in patients with diabetes or renal impairment.
Warnings:
- Monitor kidney function, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment or heart failure.
- Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment.
- Risk of hypotension, particularly in volume- or salt-depleted patients.
Dosage Table
| Condition | Recommended Dosage | Treatment Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Essential Hypertension | Starting: 40 mg once daily. May be increased to 80 mg once daily if needed. | Continuous treatment, as advised by a physician. |
| Hypertension with Renal Impairment | Starting: 40 mg once daily. Careful monitoring required. | Continuous treatment, as advised by a physician. |
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: How long does it take for Azilsartan to start working?
A1: Azilsartan typically begins to lower blood pressure within a week of starting treatment, with significant effects usually observed within 2 to 4 weeks.
Q2: Can Azilsartan be taken with food?
A2: Yes, Azilsartan can be taken with or without food. It is recommended to take it at the same time each day to maintain consistent blood levels.
Q3: What should I do if I miss a dose of Azilsartan?
A3: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Q4: Is Azilsartan safe for long-term use?
A4: Azilsartan is generally considered safe for long-term management of hypertension when prescribed and monitored by a healthcare professional. Regular check-ups are important to assess its effectiveness and monitor for any potential side effects.
