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Dexlansoprazole: Comprehensive Information
Dexlansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and related conditions. It works by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach.
Composition and Forms
The active ingredient is dexlansoprazole. It is available in delayed-release capsules, typically in strengths of 30 mg and 60 mg. These capsules are designed to release medication at two different times during the day, providing longer-lasting acid control compared to some other PPIs.
Indications
Dexlansoprazole is prescribed for the following conditions:
- Healing of erosive esophagitis in adults and pediatric patients (12 years of age and older).
- Maintenance of healing of erosive esophagitis.
- Symptomatic treatment of frequent heartburn associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
- Treatment of duodenal ulcers.
- Treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
- Prevention of NSAID-associated gastric ulcers.
Mechanism of Action
Dexlansoprazole is a racemic mixture of dexlansoprazole. It inhibits the H+/K+-ATPase enzyme system (the proton pump) in gastric parietal cells. By irreversibly blocking this pump, it effectively decreases gastric acid sercetion, both when the patient is stimulated by food and in the basal state.
Safety Profile
Potential Benefits: Effective in reducing stomach acid, providing relief from heartburn and aiding in the healing of esophageal damage. The dual delayed-release formulation offers prolonged acid suppression.
Common Side Effects: May include diarrhea, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, and vomiting. These are generally mild and transient.
Less Common Side Effects: Rash, itching, dizziness, fatigue, and changes in liver function tests have been reported.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to dexlansoprazole, any component of the formulation, or other substituted benzimidazoles.
Warnings and Precautions: Long-term use of PPIs may be associated with an increased risk of certain adverse events, including bone fractures (hip, wrist, or spine), Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, and vitamin B-12 deficiency. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary. Patients should be aware of the potential for drug interactions, especially with medications metabolized by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4.
Dosage Table
| Condition | Dosage | Duration |
|---|---|---|
| Healing of Erosive Esophagitis | 60 mg once daily | Up to 8 weeks |
| Maintenance of Healing of Erosive Esophagitis | 30 mg once daily | Up to 12 months |
| Symptomatic GERD (Frequent Heartburn) | 30 mg once daily | As needed, up to 4 weeks |
| Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome | 60 mg once daily, may increase to 100 mg daily | As clinically indicated |
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: How should I take Dexlansoprazole?
A1: Dexlansoprazole capsules should be taken once daily. You can take them with or without food. Swallow the capsules whole; do not chew, crush, or open them.
Q2: How long does it take for Dexlansoprazole to work?
A2: Symptomatic relief from heartburn may occur within the first 24 hours of starting treatment, but it may take several days to achieve full effect. Healing of esophagitis typically requires several weeks of consistent use.
Q3: Can I take Dexlansoprazole with other medications?
A3: It is important to tell your doctor about all mediccations you are takin, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Dexlansoprazole can interact with certain medications, such as clopidogrel, methotrexate, and certain antifungals.
Q4: What are the risks of long-term use of Dexlansoprazole?
A4: Long-term use has been associated with an increased risk of bone fractures, vitamin B-12 deficiency, and certain infections like Clostridium difficile. Discuss the risks and benefits with your healthcare provider.